Teachniqes for increasing proficience ( TIP)

Techniques for increasing proficiency (TIP)

10 ways to study English outside the classroom

1.    Go online
2.      Join a English conversation group
3.      Watch English  TV programmes or movies
4.      Listen to English songs
5.      Listen to English books
6.      Listen to the English radio station
7.      Read English books
8.      Read magazines
9.      Read newspapers
10.  Keep an English journal

English Language Courses

1. International English Language Testing system (IELTS)
2. Testing of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL)
3. Cambridge English: Advanced (CAE)
4. Pearson Test of English (PTE

Total Physical response (TPR)

   TPR is a language teaching method developed by James Asher, a professor Emeritus of Psychology at San Jose State University

  It is based on the coordination of language and physical movement.

TPR is a valuable way to learn vocabulary especially idiomatic terms.     Example: phrasal verb

 

    In TPR instructors give commands to students in target language (English), and students respond with whole body action.

	Memory enhanced through association with physical movement.

 

    This method is an example of the comprehensive approach to language teaching.

The listening and responding with action serves two purposes:

1.      Quickly recognizing meaning in the language being learned.

2.      Means of passively learning the structure of language itself.

Audio lingual Method /Army method/ New key Method/Aural oral Approach

Audio lingual method is a style of teacher used in teaching foreign language. This approach is similar to direct method in that the lesson takes place entirely in the target language. It is based on behaviourist theory and structural view of the language. Linguists at the University of Michigan invented this method in the late 1950’s.

In this method

1.      The students first hear a language(audio)
2.      Later they speak the language
3.      After that they read and write in the language

Main activities:

1. 1.      Reading aloud dialogues
2. 2.      Repetitions of model sentences.
3. 3.      Drilling.

  The objective of this method is

·         Accurate pronunciation and grammar

·         Ability to respond quickly and accurately in speech situations

·         Knowledge of sufficient vocabulary to use with grammar patterns

Characteristics of this method

·         Language learning is habit formation

·         Mistakes are bad and should be avoided, as they considered bad habits

·         Language skills are learned more effectively if they are presented orally first, then in written form.

·         Analogy is a better foundation for language learning than analysis.

·         The meaning of the words can be learned only in linguistic and cultural context.

Cooperative language learning

    It was introduced by the American education reformer John Dewey.

      It is also known as general instructional approach as collaborative learning it makes maximum use of cooperative activities involving pairs and small groups of learners in the classroom.

      Cooperative learning is a teaching method where students of mixed levels of ability arranged into groups and rewarded according to the groups success, rather than individual member.

     CLL is focused on the idea that teaching should make maximum use of cooperative activities and interaction. In cooperative group work students are likely to scaffold each other therefore raise the language level of the class. It is based on the idea that second language learning can be best done in heterogeneous group, when all students work collaboratively and cooperatively for one common goal.

It supports the idea Vygotsky (socio cultural theory) “interaction not only facilitates language learning but is a causative force in acquisition”

Common activities

     Think, pair, and share activities.

Grammar Translation Method

     Grammar Translation Method is a method of teaching foreign languages derived from the classical (traditional) method of teaching. (Used to teach Greek and Latin). This approach mainly focuses on the written form at the expenses of the oral form.

Method

1. Ø  Vocabulary items are taught in the form of word list
2. Ø  Elaborate explanations of grammar
3. Ø  Focus on the morphology and syntax
4. Ø  Reading of difficult texts easily in the course.
5. Ø  Practice focuses on exercises translating sentences or texts from mother tongue to the target language (English) and vice versa.