Dr. Karthik Deepa

http://www.ncert.nic.in/oth_anoun/npe86.pdf

During Independence of India, there were close to 19 universities and 591 colleges with around 0.2 million enrollment. Today the no. has changed drastically with 261 universities, over 8,361 colleges and over 8.5 million enrollments. The growth story has been absolutely significant. India claims to have second largest higher education system in the world, however, in view of its vast population (close to 17 per cent of the world’s population) India will be one of the backward countries in respect of education, especially higher education. Looking back during the British rule in India, we find access to school and university education was restricted. On the other hand, the university system inherited from Britisher’s is currently undergoing phase of rapid diversification and expansion. Reservation system is promoted in the country to advance the education of castes and tribes which were traditionally excluded from education. During the time of British rule, technical education was n

http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/arvindgupta/JPNaik_01.pdf

Role of Central, State and Local Bodies Article shared by   Z.Khan Role of Central Government: Since independence the Central Government has started spending increasing amount of money on education. The Central Govt. gives grant-in-aid to states, universities and special institutions in order to help those to discharge their educational obligations. It gives special grants to back-ward states in order to equalize them with other states. It finances the centrally administered areas and gives scholarships and stipends under the various scholarship schemes. The contributions of the Central Government and State Governments have increased from time to time. Following are the important reasons for this increase: 1. The Central Government must assist the bank-ward states for providing better educational opportunities. 2. The Central Government must assist the state in realizing the constitutional provisions for providing compulsory primary education in the age group 6 to 14 y

The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank What are the purposes of the Bretton Woods Institutions? The   International Monetary Fund   and the   World Bank   were both created at an international conference convened in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States in July 1944. The goal of the conference was to establish a framework for economic cooperation and development that would lead to a more stable and prosperous global economy. While this goal remains central to both institutions, their work is constantly evolving in response to new economic developments and challenges. The IMF’s mandate.   The IMF promotes international monetary cooperation and provides   policy advice   and  technical assistance   to help countries build and maintain strong economies. The IMF also   makes loans   and helps countries design policy programs to solve balance of payments problems when sufficient financing on affordable terms cannot be obtained to meet net international payments. IM

Five-Year Plans of India Since 1947, the   Indian economy   has been premised on the concept of   planning . This has been carried through the   Five-Year Plans , developed, executed, and monitored by the Planning Commission   (NITI Aayog after 2014). With the   Prime Minister   as the ex-officio Chairman, the commission has a nominated Deputy Chairman, who holds the rank of a Cabinet Minister.   Montek Singh Ahluwalia   is the last Deputy Chairman of the Commission (resigned on 26 May 2014). The Eleventh Plan completed its term in March 2012 and the Twelfth Plan is currently underway. [1]   Prior to the Fourth Plan, the allocation of state resources was based on schematic patterns rather than a transparent and objective mechanism, which led to the adoption of the   Gadgil formula   in 1969. Revised versions of the formula have been used since then to determine the allocation of central assistance for state plans. [2]   The new government led by   Narendra Modi , elected in 2014