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2 ENGLISH BEFORE INDEPENDENCE AND ENGLISH NOW IN INDIA and present status

ENGLISH BEFORE INDEPENDENCE AND ENGLISH NOW IN INDIA:  Place of English before Independence- 30  India inherited English‘ from the Britishers who ruled our country for more than two centuries. For over 200 years Indian intellectuals have been studying English. Today English has entered the fabric of Indian culture. English education in India began with the year 1765, when the East India Company became a political power. The first six decades of English education in India did not witness any remarkable progress. Firstly Macaulay‘s Minutes (1835) paved the way for the development of English in India by making its study compulsory. His this famous minute on education became the ‗Manifesto of English Education‘  in India. Macaulay‘s minute is very clear and unambiguous about the goals of English education in India We must at present do our best to form a class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern a class of persons, Indian in blood and color, but English
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current trends in modern english literature in India

  The 21 st  century has proved to the world that English literature is no longer the sole province of the imperial England. Although English literature started and flourished in England, it has gone on to sow the seeds of creativity in English in other parts of the world. Interestingly, the English people themselves paved the way for the unexpected developments that we witness today. When the English colonizers went to America, they began to write their own literature of the Americas. Similarly, those English men and women who went to Australia began the process of a new literature called Australian literature. And so is the case with Canada, India, and Africa. With colonization in some parts of the world, especially, Africa and Asia, there emerged a new literature which later came to be known as the Commonwealth literature, New Literature in English, postcolonial literature and so on. Not to be left out, even those countries which were not colonized by the English like Bhutan, Chin
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English language in the school context- an evolutionary perspective

2. GOALS FOR A LANGUAGE CURRICULUM  A national curriculum can aim for • a cohesive curricular policy based on guiding principles for language teaching and acquisition, which allows for a variety of implementations suitable to local needs and resources, and which provides illustrative models for use. A consideration of earlier efforts at curriculum renewal endowed some of our discussion with an uneasy sense of déjà vu. However, we hope that current insights from linguistics, psychology, and associated disciplines have provided a principled basis for some workable suggestions to inform and rejuvenate curricular practices. English does not stand alone. It needs to find its place 1. along with other Indian languages    i. in regional-medium schools: how can children’s other languages strengthen English teaching/learning?    ii. in English-medium schools: how can other Indian languages be valorised, reducing the perceived hegemony of English? 2.  in relation to other subjects: A langu
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